Psychofarmaka jsou l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edepisuje l\u00e9ka\u0159, obvykle psychiatr (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 nebo neurolog). Psycholog rozhodn\u011b l\u00e9ky nep\u0159edepisuje.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 psychofarmaka p\u0159i pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch se span\u00edm, p\u0159i n\u00e1vakech \u00fazkosti nebo depres\u00edch. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed l\u00e9ky dlouhodob\u011b.V\u011bt\u0161inou b\u00fdv\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud klient nez\u016fstane pouze u l\u00e9k\u016f, ake nav\u0161t\u011bvuje tak\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed \u010di psychiterapii.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch druh\u016f psychofarmak a p\u0159\u00edklady konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch zna\u010dek je pouze orienta\u010dn\u00ed. C\u00edlem je z\u00edskat pov\u011bdom\u00ed o tom, k \u010demu a jak\u00e1 psychofarmaka jsou. Mysl\u00edme si, \u017ee kolem l\u00e9k\u016f v psychiatrii existuje \u0159ada m\u00fdt\u016f a p\u0159edsudk\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkdy vedou k nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto prepar\u00e1t\u016f, jindy zase ke zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm obav\u00e1m a nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010db\u011b.<\/p>\n

Proto\u017ee nejde o p\u0159ehled pro odbornou ve\u0159ejnost, neuv\u00e1d\u00edme „\u00fa\u010dinnou l\u00e1tku“, ale firemn\u00ed n\u00e1zev l\u00e9ku. Je dnes docela b\u011b\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee tent\u00fd\u017e l\u00e9k vyr\u00e1b\u00ed n\u011bkolik farmaceutick\u00fdch firem pod r\u016fzn\u00fdmi n\u00e1zvy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

HYPNOTIKA<\/h3>\n

Je to skupina l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159i poruch\u00e1ch sp\u00e1nku ve smyslu nespavosti. Probl\u00e9my s us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm, no\u010dn\u00edm buzen\u00edm \u010di neschopnost\u00ed r\u00e1no dospat zn\u00e1 skoro ka\u017ed\u00fd. Kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1, pokud m\u00e1me starosti, n\u011b\u010deho se boj\u00edme, jsme rozru\u0161eni h\u00e1dkou s n\u011bk\u00fdm bl\u00edzk\u00fdm. Sp\u00e1nek citliv\u011b reaguje na stres, \u00fazkost, \u0161patnou n\u00e1ladu. Dlouhodob\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nespavost (n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed \u010di t\u00fddn\u016f) vede k podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bnosti, nesoust\u0159ed\u011bnosti a nakonec tot\u00e1ln\u00edmu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed a zhroucen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

L\u00e9ky mohou zafungovat jako prvn\u00ed pomoc v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsme u\u017e hodn\u011b unaven\u00ed, nebo jako podpora v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9m obdob\u00ed (p\u0159i ztr\u00e1t\u011b bl\u00fdzk\u00e9 osoby). Jedn\u00e1 se ov\u0161em o l\u00e9ky n\u00e1vykov\u00e9, p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m pravideln\u00e9m ui\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost. \u0158ada hypnotik m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 neblah\u00fd vliv na kvalitu sp\u00e1nku. Proto je nejlep\u0161\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt l\u00e9k opravdu jako prvn\u00ed pomoc a jinak nespavost \u0159e\u0161it s psychologem \u010di psychoterapeutem.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady hypnotik: Hypnogen, Stilnox<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ANXIOLYTIKA<\/h3>\n

Jde o l\u00e9ky potla\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, \u00fazkost. P\u016fsob\u00ed velmi rychle a krom\u011b potla\u010den\u00ed \u00fazkosti p\u016fsob\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka celkov\u011b tlumiv\u011b, proto se n\u011bkdy u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159i pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch s ve\u010dern\u00edm us\u00edn\u00e1n\u00edm. Jsou to ov\u0161em tak\u00e9 l\u00e9ky n\u00e1vykov\u00e9, s pravideln\u00fdm u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm kles\u00e1 po n\u011bjak\u00e9 dob\u011b jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost a pro dosa\u017een\u00ed efektu je nutn\u00e9 zvy\u0161ovat d\u00e1vky. Proto rozhodn\u011b nedoporu\u010dujeme u\u017e\u00edvat tyto l\u00e9ky bez d\u016fkladn\u00e9 konzultace s psychiatrem, tyto l\u00e9ky tak\u00e9 ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinu \u00fazkosti, ale pouze jej\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd dopad. N\u011bkdy je tento l\u00e9k vhodn\u00fd jako prvn\u00ed pomoc p\u0159i pro\u017eitku velk\u00e9 \u00fazkosti \u010di paniky.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady anxiolytik: Neurol, Lexaurin, Rivotril<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

ANTIDEPRESIVA<\/h3>\n

Jak u\u017e n\u00e1zev napov\u00edd\u00e1, jsou to l\u00e9ky „proti“ depres\u00edm. P\u0159i depresi \u010dlov\u011bk poci\u0165uje krom\u011b trvale smutn\u00e9 n\u00e1lady tak\u00e9 pocity skl\u00ed\u010denosti, n\u011bkdy pak nap\u011bt\u00ed, pr\u00e1zdnotu. Nic ho net\u011b\u0161\u00ed a nebav\u00ed, v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 d\u011blal r\u00e1d se mu st\u00e1vaj\u00ed rutinou nebo je prost\u011b ned\u011bl\u00e1. Deprese postihue my\u0161len\u00ed – poruchy soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed, pam\u011bti, zpomalen\u00e9 tempo, „\u010dern\u00e9 br\u00fdle“ p\u0159i pohledu na sv\u011bt. O sob\u011b pak \u010dlov\u011bk p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed jako o n\u011bkom, kdo nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou cenu, kdo tu nem\u00e1 m\u00edsto. S depres\u00ed souvis\u00ed tak\u00e9 poruchy sp\u00e1nku (nespavost nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e1 spavost), nechutenstv\u00ed \u010di n\u00e1valy \u017eravosti, \u00fatlum z\u00e1jmu o sex. T\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed deprese vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed my\u0161lenky na sebevra\u017edu a skue\u010dn\u011b je tu riziko, \u017ee se o ni nemocn\u00fd pokus\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Existuje \u0161irok\u00e1 a nesourod\u00e1 skupina antidepresiv. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee tyto l\u00e9ky maj\u00ed zpo\u017ed\u011bnou dobu n\u00e1stupu \u00fa\u010dinku a to v \u0159\u00e1du n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f, „nezaberou“ hned po prvn\u00ed tabletce. Tak\u00e9 je dobr\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, \u017ee na n\u011b nevznik\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost, co\u017e je pro mnoho lid\u00ed velmi d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed, zda je za\u010d\u00edt u\u017e\u00edvat. Nejedn\u00e1 se o krizov\u00fd, jednor\u00e1zov\u00fd\u00a0 l\u00e9k. Krom\u011b l\u00e9\u010dby deprese m\u00e1 pozitivn\u00ed vliv na dal\u0161\u00ed zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 projevy t\u00e9to poruchy n\u00e1lady, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159i nechutenstv\u00ed, p\u0159i poruch\u00e1ch sp\u00e1nku, zlep\u0161uje soust\u0159ed\u011bnost. S psychoterapi\u00ed se n\u011bkdy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed antidepresiv v\u00fdborn\u011b dopl\u0148uje.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady antidepresiv: Prozac \/ Deprex, Zoloft, Cipralex<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

THYMOSTABILIZ\u00c9RY<\/h3>\n

Stabiliz\u00e1tor n\u00e1lady je l\u00e9k, kter\u00fd obecn\u011b pom\u00e1h\u00e1 zm\u00edrnit v\u00fdkyvy n\u00e1lady u t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00edch du\u0161evn\u00edch poruch jako je bipol\u00e1rn\u00ed afektivn\u00ed porucha nabo se n\u011bkdy u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jako l\u00e9k proti depresivn\u00edm stav\u016fm u lid\u00ed s poruchou osobnosti. N\u011bkdy se tento typ l\u00e9k\u016f u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 u lid\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b impulzivn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Jde o l\u00edky velmi u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed lidme zv\u00fd\u0161it vyrovnanost a tak zvl\u00e1dnout b\u011bhem dlouh\u00e9ho n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed takov\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00fakoly jako \u0161kolu, zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, partnersk\u00fd vztah. N\u011bkdy si ale pacienti st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed na zv\u00fd\u0161enou \u00fanavu a tak\u00e9 na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed schopnosti pro\u017e\u00edvat v\u011bci. V\u017edy je n\u011bco za n\u011bco.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady thymostabiliz\u00e9r\u016f: Lithium, Lamiktal<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

NEUROLEPTIKA – ANTIPSYCHOTIKA<\/h3>\n

Jde o l\u00edky, pom\u00e1haj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i poruch\u00e1ch my\u0161len\u00ed, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed i pro\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, jejich objeven\u00ed v polovin\u011b minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed p\u0159ineslo z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zlom v psychiatrii. Stejn\u00fd l\u00e9k se p\u0159i r\u016fzn\u00e9m d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro l\u00e9\u010dbu r\u016fzn\u00fdch poruch. V ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch neuroleptika pom\u00e1haj\u00ed nap\u0159. p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b obsedantn\u011b kompulzivn\u00ed poruchy, ve vysok\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch l\u00e9\u010d\u00ed schizofrenii.<\/p>\n

Op\u011bt jde o \u0161irokou skupinu l\u00e9k\u016f s r\u016fzn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkem, pod\u00e1vaj\u00ed se formou tablet, kapek nebo injekc\u00ed. Existuje i speci\u00e1ln\u00ed forma tzv. depotn\u00ed injekce – pacient doch\u00e1z\u00ed na injekci jednou za \u010dtrn\u00e1ct dn\u00ed – za m\u011bs\u00edc a nemus\u00ed pak ka\u017edodenn\u011b u\u017e\u00edvat l\u00e9k v tablet\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edklady neuroleptik: Zyprexa, Haloperidol, Risperdal, Seroquel<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Psychofarmaka jsou l\u00e9ky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edepisuje l\u00e9ka\u0159, obvykle psychiatr (n\u011bkdy t\u00e9\u017e praktick\u00fd l\u00e9ka\u0159 nebo neurolog). Psycholog rozhodn\u011b l\u00e9ky nep\u0159edepisuje. Nej\u010dast\u011bji u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed lid\u00e9 psychofarmaka p\u0159i pot\u00ed\u017e\u00edch se span\u00edm, p\u0159i n\u00e1vakech \u00fazkosti nebo depres\u00edch. Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed poruchy, p\u0159i kter\u00fdch se u\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed l\u00e9ky dlouhodob\u011b.V\u011bt\u0161inou b\u00fdv\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, pokud klient nez\u016fstane pouze u l\u00e9k\u016f, ake nav\u0161t\u011bvuje tak\u00e9 psychologick\u00e9 poradenstv\u00ed […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=197"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":221,"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/197\/revisions\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.psychologie-psychoterapie.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=197"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}